RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions Chapter 4 Exercise 4.7 (Updated for 2021-22)

RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions Chapter 4 Exercise 4.7: The fundamental topic in this exercise is the Baudhayan theorem, also known as the Pythagoras theorem. When students solve the exercise’s difficulties, they will gain a clear understanding of the idea. In order to lead students in the right route, Kopykitab’s RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions is developed by subject experts. In addition, you can download the RD Sharma Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Triangles Exercise 4.7 PDF.

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RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions Chapter 4 Exercise 4.7

Access answers to RD Sharma Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.7- Important Question with Answers

Question 1.
If the sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm long, determine whether the triangle is right-angled. (C.B.S.E. 1992)
Solution:
We know that if the square of the hypotenuse (longest side) is equal to the sum of squares of the other two sides then it is a right triangle
Now the sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm
(Longest side)² = (6)² = 36
and sum of two smaller sides = (3)² + (4)² = 9 + 16 = 25
36 ≠ 25
It is not a right-angled triangle

Question 2.
The sides of certain triangles are given below. Determine which of them are right triangles :
(i) a = 1 cm, b = 24 cm and c = 25 cm
(ii) a = 9 cm, b = 16 cm and c = 18 cm
(iii) a = 1.6 cm, b = 3.8 cm and c = 4 cm
(iv) a = 8 cm, b = 10 cm and c = 6 cm (C.B.S.E. 1992)
Solution:
We know that if the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of squares of the other two sides, then it is a right triangle
(i) Sides of a triangle are a = 7 cm, b = 5.24 cm and c = 25 cm
(Longest side)² = (25)² = 625
Sum of square of shorter sides = (7)² + (24)² = 49 + 576 = 625
625 = 625
This is right triangle
(ii) Sides of the triangle are a = 9 cm, b = 16 cm, c = 18 cm
(Longest side)² = (18)² = 324
and sum of squares of shorter sides = (9)² + (16)² = 81 + 256 = 337
324 ≠ 337
It is not a right-angled triangle
(iii) Sides of the triangle are a = 1.6 cm, 6 = 3.8 cm, c = 4 cm
(Longest side)² = (4)² =16
Sum of squares of shorter two sides + (1.6)² + (3.8)² = 2.56 + 14.44 = 17.00
16 ≠ 17
It is not a right triangle
(iv) Sides of the triangle are a = 8 cm, b = 10 cm, c = 6 cm
(Longest side)² = (10)² = 100
Sum of squares of shorter sides = (8)² + (6)² = 64 + 36 = 100
100 = 100
It is a right triangle.

Question 3.
A man goes 15 meters due west and then 8 meters due north. How far is he from the starting point?
Solution:
Let a man starts from O, the starting point to west 15 m at A and then from A, 8 m due north at B
Join OB

Now in right ∆OAB
OB² = OA² + AB² (Pythagoras Theorem)
OB² = (15)² + (8)² = 225 + 64 = 289 = (17)²
OB = 17
The man is 17 m away from the starting point.

Question 4.
A ladder 17 m long reaches a window of a building 15 m above the ground. Find the distance of the foot of the ladder from the building.
Solution:
Length of ladder = 17 m
Height of window = 15 m

Let the distance of the foot of ladder from the building = x
Using Pythagoras Theorem
AC² = AB² + BC²
=> (17)² = (15)² + x²
=> 289 = 225 + x²
=> x² = 289 – 225
=> x² = 64 = (8)²
x = 8
Distance of the foot of the ladder from the building = 8m

Question 5.
Two poles of heights 6 m and 11 m stand on a plane ground. If the distance between their feet is 12 m, find the distance between their tops. (C.B.S.E. 1996C, 2002C)
Solution:
Two poles AB and CD which are 6 m and 11 m long respectively are standing on the ground 12 m apart

Draw AE || BD so that AE = BD = 12 m and ED = AB = 6 m
Then CE = CD – ED = 11 – 6 = 5 m
Now in right ∆ACE
Using Pythagoras Theorem,
AC² = AE² + EC² = (12)² + (5)² = 144 + 25 = 169 = (13)²
AC = 13
Distance between their tops = 13 m

Question 6.
In an isosceles triangle ABC, AB = AC = 25 cm, BC = 14 cm. Calculate the altitude from A on BC. (C.B.S.E. 1994)
Solution:
∆ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC = 25 cm .
AD ⊥ BC BC = 14 cm

Perpendicular AD bisects the base i.e . BD = DC = 7 cm
Let perpendicular AD = x
In right ∆ABD,
AB² = AD² + BD² (Pythagoras Theorem)
=> (25)² = AD² + (7)²
=> 625 = AD² + 49
=> AD² = 625 – 49
=> AD² = 576 = (24)²
=> AD = 24
Perpendicular AD = 24 cm

Question 7.
The foot of a ladder is 6 m away from a wall and its top reaches a window 8 m above the ground. If the ladder is shifted in such a way that its foot is 8 m away from the wall, to what height does its tip reach?
Solution:
In the first case,
The foot of the ladder is 6 m away from the wall and its top reaches a window 8 m high
Let AC be ladder and BC = 6 m, AB = 8 m

Now in right ∆ABC,
Using Pythagoras Theorem
AC² = BC² + AB² = (6)² + (8)² = 36 + 64 = 100 = (10)²
AC = 10 m
In second case,
ED = AC = 10 m
BD = 8 m, let ED = x
ED² = BD² + EB²
=> (10)² = (8)² + x²
=> 100 = 64 + x²
=> x² = 100 – 64 = 36 = (6)²
x = 6
Height of the ladder on the wall = 6 m

Question 8.
Two poles of height 9 m and 14 m stand on a plane ground. If the distance between their feet is 12 m, find the distance between their tops.
Solution:
Let CD and AB be two poles which are 12 m apart
AB = 14 m, CD = 9 m and BD = 12 m
From C, draw CE || DB
CB = DB = 12 m
EB = CD = 9 m
and AE = 14 – 9 = 5 m

Now in right ∆ACE,
AC² = AE² + CE² (Pythagoras Theorem)
= (5)² + (12)²
= 25 + 144 = 169 = (13)²
AC = 13
Distance between their tops = 13 m

Question 9.
Using the Pythagoras theorem, determine the length of AD in terms of b and c shown in the figure. (C.B.S.E. 1997C)

Solution:
In right ∆ABC, ∠A = 90°
AB = c, AC = b
AD ⊥ BC

Question 10.
A triangle has sides 5 cm, 12 cm, and 13 cm. Find the length to one decimal place, of the perpendicular from the opposite vertex to the side whose length is 13 cm. (C.B.S.E. 1992C)
Solution:
A triangle has sides 5 cm, 12 cm, and 13 cm
(Longest side)² = (13)² = 169
Sum of squares of shorter sides = (5)² + (12)² = 25 + 144= 169
169 = 169
It is a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 13 cm

BD = 4.6 cm

Question 11.
ABCD is a square, F is the midpoint of AB. BE is one-third of BC. If the area of ∆FBE = 108 cm² finds the length of AC. (C.B.S.E. 1995)
Solution:
In square ABCD, F is the midpoint of AB i.e.,

Question 12.
In an isosceles triangle ABC, if AB = AC = 13 cm and the altitude from A on BC is 5 cm, find BC. (C.B.S.E. 2000)
Solution:
In ∆ABC, AB = AC
AD ⊥ BC
AB = AC = 13 cm, AD = 5 cm
AD ⊥ BC
AD bisects BC at D
BD = 12 BC
=> BC = 2BD

Question 13.
In a ∆ABC, AB = BC = CA = 2a and AD ⊥ BC. Prove that
(i) AD = a √3
(ii) area (∆ABC) = √3 a² (C.B.S.E. 1991)
Solution:
In ∆ABC, AB = BC = AC = 2a
AD ⊥ BC
AD bisects BC at D
BD = DC = 12 BC = a

Question 14.
The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 24 cm and 10 cm. Find each side of the rhombus. (C.B.S.E. 1993C)
Solution:
ABCD is a rhombus whose diagonals AC = 24 cm and BD = 10 cm
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles

AO = OC = 242 = 12 cm
and BO = OD = 102 = 5 cm
Now in right ∆AOB,
AB² = AO² + BO² (Pythagoras Theorem)
(12)² + (5)² = 144 + 25 = 169 = (13)²
AB = 13
Each side of rhombus = 13 cm

Question 15.
Each side of a rhombus is 10 cm. If one of its diagonals is 16 cm, find the length of the other diagonal.
Solution:
In rhombus ABCD, diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at O at right angles
Each side = 10 cm and one diagonal AC = 16 cm

AO = OC = 162 = 8 cm
Now in right angled triangle AOB,
AB² = AO² + OB² (Pythagoras Theorem)
(10)² = (8)² + (BO)²
=> 100 = 64 + BO²
=> BO² = 100 – 64 = 36 = (6)²
BO = 6
BD = 2BO = 2 x 6 = 12 cm

Question 16.
Calculate the height of an equilateral triangle each of whose sides measures 12 cm.
Solution:
Each side of the equilateral ∆ABC = 12 cm
AD ⊥ BC which bisects BC at D


BD = DC = 122 = 6 cm

Question 17.
In the figure, ∠B < 90° and segment AD ⊥ BC. Show that:
(i) b² = h² + a² + x² – 2ax
(ii) b² = a² + c² – 2ax

Solution:
Given : In ∆ABC, ∠B < 90°
AD ⊥ BC
AD = c, BC = a, CA = b AD = h, BD = x, DC = a – x
To prove: (i) b² = h² + a² + x² – 2ax
(ii) b² = a² + c² – 2ax
Proof: (i) In right ∆ADC, AC² = AD² + DC² (Pythagoras Theorem)
=> b² = h² + (a – x)² = h² + a² + x² – 2ax
(ii) Similarly in right ∆ADB
AB² = AD² + BD²
c² = h² + x² ….(i)
b² = h² + a² + x² – 2ax = h² + x² + a² – 2ax
= c² + a² – 2ax {From (i)}
= a² + c² – 2ax
Hence proved.

Question 18.
In an equilateral ∆ABC, AD ⊥ BC, prove that AD² = 3 BD². (C.B.S.E. 2002C)
Solution:
Given : ∆ABC is an equilateral in which AB = BC = CA .
AD ⊥ BC

Question 19.
∆ABD is a right triangle right-angled at A and AC ⊥ BD. Show that
(i) AB² = BC.BD
(ii) AC² = BC.DC
(iii) AD² = BD.CD
(iv) AB2AC2 = BDDC [NCERT]
Solution:
In ∆ABD, ∠A = 90°
AC ⊥ BD

Question 20.
A guy wire attached to a vertical pole of height 18 m is 24 m long and has a stake attached to the other end. How far from the base of the pole should the stake be driven so that the wire will be taut?
Solution:
Let AB be the vertical pole whose height = 18 m

Question 21.
Determine whether the triangle having sides (a – 1) cm, 2 √a cm and (a + 1) cm is a right angled triangle. [CBSE 2010]
Solution:
Sides of a triangle are (a – 1) cm, 2 √a cm and (a + 1) cm
Let AB = (a – 1) cm BC = (a + 1) cm
and AC = 2 √a

Question 22.
In an acute-angled triangle, express a median in terms of its sides.
Solution:
In acute-angled ∆ABC,
AD is median and AL ⊥ BC
Using a result of a theorem, a sum of the squares of any two sides is equal to twice the square of half of the third side together with twice the square of the median which bisects the third side

Question 23.
In the right-angled triangle ABC in which ∠C = 90°, if D is the midpoint of BC, prove that AB² = 4AD² – 3AC².
Solution:
Given : In right ∆ABC, ∠C = 90°
D is the midpoint of BC

Question 24.
In the figure, D is the mid-point of side BC and AE ⊥ BC. If BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, ED = x, AD = p and AE = h, prove that :


Solution:

Question 25.
In ∆ABC, ∠A is obtuse, PB x AC and QC x AB. Prove that:
(i) AB x AQ = AC x AP
(ii) BC² = (AC x CP + AB x BQ)
Solution:
Given: In ∆ABC, ∠A is an obtuse angle PB x AC and QC x AB on producing them

Question 26.
In a right ∆ABC right-angled at C, if D is the mid-point of BC, prove that BC² = 4 (AD² – AC²).
Solution:
Given : In ∆ABC, ∠C = 90°
D is mid-point of BC
AD is joined

=> 4AD² = 4AC² + BC²
=> BC² = 4AD² – 4AC²
=> BC² = 4 (AD² – AC²)
Hence proved.

Question 27.
In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠B = 90°, AD² = AB² + BC² + CD², prove that ∠ACD = 90°.
Solution:
Given : ABCD is a quadrilateral in which ∠B = 90° and AD² = AB² + BC² + CD²
To prove : ∠ACD = 90°
Construction: Join AC

proof : In right ∆ABC, ∠B = 90°
AC² = AB² + BC² ….(i) (Pythagoras Theorem)
But AD² = AB² + BC² + CD² (given)
=> AD² = AC² + CD² {From (i)}
∆ACD is a right angle with right angle ACD
Hence proved.

Question 28.
An airplane leaves an airport and flies due north at a speed of 1000 km/hr. At the same time, another airplane leaves the same airport and flies due west at a speed of 1200 km/ hr. How far apart will be the two planes after 112 hours?
Solution:

Speed of the first plane = 1000 km/hr
Distance travelled in 112 hour due north = 1000 x 32 = 1500 km
Speed of the second plane = 1200 km/hr
Distance traveled in 112 hours due west

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